Word:
a meaningful combination of letters.
Phrase:
a meaningful combination of words.
Clause:
a meaningful combination of words + subject + verb.
Clause:
1. Independent (meaningful by itself)
2. Dependent (needs another independent clause to be complete.)
Dependent clauses:
1. noun clauses
2. adjective clauses
3. adverbial clauses
Verbs:
1. finite verbs
– ۱۶ tenses
2. non-finite verbs
– infinitives
– gerunds
– past participles
Adjective:
used for further definition.
Adjective cannot be used for proper nouns but adjective clauses can be used for
proper nouns.
Adjective clauses:
Describe and limit nouns.
Adjectives come before nouns.
Adjective clauses come after the noun.
Adjective clauses:
1. restrictive adjective clause
2. non-restrictive (defining) adjective clauses
Only non-restrictive adjective clauses can be used for proper nouns and it is
necessary to use two comas around them.
Example:
1. I saw a man who was old in the garden.
(Here “who was old” is a restrictive adjective clause.)
2. I saw John, who was old, in the garden.
(Here “who was old” is a non-restrictive adjective clause.)
